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To achieve larger production per unit area, sciences and farmers face a great defiance in improving cropping practices and elicitation new top yielding wheat varieties and also to establish the effects of these factors on the spike characters. Two years experiment were conducted to evaluate the effect of three nitrogen fertilizer levels (recommend rate 80 kg N/fed and 25% lower and higher than the recommended, i.e. 60 and 100 kg N/ fed, three seeding rates (40, 60 and 80 kg grains/fed) and there varieties (Giza-171, Gemmiza-12 and Shandawil-1), on spike characters of wheat at the Agricultural and experimental Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The experimental design was a split- split plot in randomized complete block arrangement with three replications. Nitrogen levels were allocated to the main plots, while the sub plots were assigned for seeding rates. Wheat varieties were distributed at random in the sub-sub plots. Each sub-sub plots area 4 m (2 x 2m). Generally, results indicated that significant effect on spike length and number of grains/ spike in both seasons and on weight of grains/ spike and 1000-grain weight in one season, where the tallest and heaviest spike as well as the heaviest 1000-grain weight were produced at the 100 kg N/fed in both seasons but the highest number of grains/spike was obtained at 80 kg N/fed in one season. It could be concluded that application nitrogen at the rate of 100 kg/fed proceed the favorable effect on spike characters under the environmental conditions of the experimental site and the similar conditions. Seeding rates caused a significant effect on all studied traits in one season, so the highest values were at 80 kg grains/fed, but this effect on 1000-grain weight was true in both seasons, where the highest value was at 60 kg grains/fed. Moreover, varieties were significantly differed in all spike character in both seasons except number and weight of grains/spike in one season where Giza-12 variety surpassed others. Al studied interactions had significant effect on all studied traits either in one or two season. Planting Giza-171 with 80 kg grains/fed and application of 100 kg N/fed was the pest treatment.
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Background /Aims: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer and simple goiter among other diseases however; there has not been a direct comparison of the severity of the stress factor in these two conditions in relation to their dietary pattern in our environment. Objective: This study assessed oxidative stress indices, antioxidant status and dietary pattern in thyroid cancer and simple goiter compared with the controls. Study Design: This is a case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Study groups were recruited from the Departments of Surgery and Nuclear medicine of University of Ilorin teaching hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State respectively between March 2013 and September 2013. Materials and Methodology: A total number of one hundred and five (105) age matched participants consisting of 88 females and 17 males were recruited for this study. They were divided into 3 groups; Group one 35 participants with thyroid cancer and group two, 35 participants with simple goiter and group three, 35 control participants. Plasma levels malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total plasma peroxide (TPP) were determined by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant status was determined by measuring total antioxidant potential (TAP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) by colorimetric methods. Selenium (Se) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).Oxidative stress index (OSI) was measured and all values expressed as mean ± SD, while frequency of intake of various dietary sources of the participants were collated. Results: TAP, SOD, GPx, GSH and GST (antioxidants) levels in group 1 (552.17±74.67; 1.30±0.32; 1.91±0.23; 4.47±0.59; 0.92±0.25; 1.28±0.04 respectively) were significantly lower than group 3 (933.51±80.15; 2.85±0.39; 5.40±0.76; 8.34±1.12; 2.11±0.31). While the mean plasma levels of antioxidants in group 2 (704.74±62.22; 2.01±0.27; 4.62±0.89; 6.19± 0.56; 1.47± 0.14 and 1.40±0.04) were significantly higher than that of group 1. However, significant increase was observed in mean levels of oxidative stress markers; TPP, MDA, H2O2 and OSI, in group 1 (16.24±2.52, 13.88±2.95, 13.52±6.91 and 2.93±1.40 respectively) compared to group 3 (4.57±1.32, 3.22±1.20, 3.01±0.86 and 0.48±0.14). Oxidative stress markers in group 2 (9.79±1.40, 5.90±1.13, 3.81±1.40 and 1.62±0.23) were significantly lower than group 1. A p - value <0.05 was considered significant. Majority of the control participants consumed fruits and vegetables (sources of exogenous antioxidants) regularly more than the test groups Conclusion: The study reported higher oxidative stress markers; oxidative stress index and lower antioxidant status in study subjects compared to controls .Oxidative stress appeared more marked in thyroid malignancy than the benign thyroid disease state. Adequate intake of fresh fruits and vegetables could be beneficial for thyroid cancer patients.
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Objective: The aim was to study the pattern and outcome of abdominal trauma managed by Laparotomy in Olabisi Onabanjo University teaching Hospital Sagamu (OOUTH), South Western Nigeria.Method: This is a retrospective study. The records of the patients were retrieved and relevant data extracted such as age, sex, occupation, address, cause of injury, vital signs on admission, abdominal signs, other injuries, number of units of blood transfused, investigations, indications for surgery, operative findings, procedure carried out, complications and outcome.Results: Seventy seven subjects were reviewed. There were 23 females (29.9%), and 54 males (70.1%). The age range was 3years to 68years, 32 patients (41.6%) were in 20-30 years age group. The mechanism of injury was blunt trauma in 61 (79.2%) and penetrating injury in 16 patients (20.8%). Road traffic accident was the commonest cause of injury, in 53 patients (68.8%). 42 patients (54.5%) had extra abdominal injuries. Positive paracentesis abdominis was the commonest indication for surgery, in 53 patients (68.8%). The spleen was the most commonly injured organ, in 31 patients (40.2%) while the organs were normal in 4 patients (5.2%). The complication observed includes acute renal failure, in 5 patients (6.5%), multiple organ failure in 5 patients, and wound infection in 8 patients (10.4%). Ten patients died. (13%)Conclusion: Splenic rupture is the most common abdominal injury treated by Laparotomy in OOUTH Sagamu and the commonest cause is road traffic accident. Mortality was due mainly to acute renal failure and multiple organ failure
Subject(s)
Abdominal Injuries , Laparotomy , NigeriaABSTRACT
Background:Tropical idiopathic lower limb gangrene (TILLG) is also known as Symmetrical gangrene in the African; Idiopathic gangrene in the African and Idiopathic peripheral gangrene of the tropics.The aetiopathogenesis of this clinical entity is a mystery. Objective: To review methods of diagnosing tropical idiopathic lower limb gangrene (TILLG) and highlight its clinical variants. Method: All Literature on idiopathic gangrene of the extremities was searched from libraries; colleagues and internet but only literature on TILLG (in Africans) from 1947 to date was scrutinised. Each case was studied to find out the basis of diagnosis. Result:TILLG is not fully understood and not easy to recognise.Two sets of criteria are known to be helpful in establishing diagnosis. These criteria can be classified as major and minor criteria. Major criteria are those clinical data that can establish the diagnosis of TILLG. No devices are required to identify them. Minor criteria are pathological changes that are consistent with TILLG. Devices are required to identify them.Three pathomorphological types of TILLG were described in literature and are classified as types A; B and C. Conclusions:This review is supposed to sensitise the clinician and make diagnosis easier.This will also encourage more researches.As more information becomes available; aetiopathogenesis of TILLG will be clearer and more clinical variants of the disease may be reported.This additional information will help in the prevention of gangrene; reducing the socioeconomic problems arising from amputation